Comparing Stanislavski and Brecht’s Acting Techniques

Comparing Stanislavski and Brecht’s acting techniques Early life Bertolt Brecht was born in Augsburg, Bavaria. On the 10th February 1898 Brecht's home life was comfortably middle class, despite his occasional attempt to claim peasant origins. Thanks to his mother's influence, Brecht knew the Bible, a familiarity that would impact on his writing throughout his life. From her, too, came the â€Å"dangerous image of the self-denying woman† that recurs in his drama. When he was 16, the First World War broke out.Fearing persecution, Brecht left Germany in February 1933, when Hitler later took power. Stanislavski was born in Moscow on the 17th on januray 1863. Stanislavski had a privileged youth, growing up in one of the richest families in Russia, the Alekseyevs. He was born Constantin Sergeyevich Alexeyev – â€Å"Stanislavski† was a stage name that he adopted in 1884 in order to keep his performance activities secret from his parents. As a child, Stanislavski was exposed to the rich cultural life of his family. His interests included the circus, the ballet, and puppetry.Increasingly interested in â€Å"living the part,† Stanislavski experimented with the ability to maintain a characterization in real life, disguising himself as a tramp or drunk and visiting the railway station, or disguising himself as a fortune-telling gypsy. Techniques Brecht remained a lifelong committed Marxist who, in developing the combined theory and practice of his epic theatre-Epic Theatre proposed that a play should not cause the spectator to identify emotionally with the characters or action before him or her, but should instead provoke rational self-reflection and a critical view of the action on the stage.Brecht thought that the experience of emotion left an audience complacent. Instead, he wanted his audiences to adopt a critical perspective in order to recognise social injustice and exploitation and to be moved to go forth from the theatre and effec t change in the world outside. For this purpose, Brecht employed the use of techniques that remind the spectator that the play is a representation of reality and not reality itself. By highlighting the constructed nature of the theatrical event, Brecht hoped to communicate that the audience's reality was equally constructed and, as such, was changeable.The distancing effect is achieved by the way the â€Å"artist never acts as if there were a fourth wall besides the three surrounding him. The audience can no longer have the illusion of being the unseen spectator at an event which is really taking place. † The use of direct audience-address is one way of disrupting stage illusion and generating the distancing effect. In performance, as the performer â€Å"observes himself,† his objective is â€Å"to appear strange and even surprising to the audience. He achieves this by looking strangely at himself and his work.Whether Brecht intended the distancing effect to refer to the audience or to the actor or to both audience and actor is still controversial among teachers and scholars of â€Å"Epic Acting† and Brechtian theatre. By disclosing and making obvious the manipulative contrivances and â€Å"fictive† qualities of the medium, the viewer is alienated from any passive acceptance and enjoyment of the play as mere â€Å"entertainment. † Instead, the viewer is forced into a critical, analytical frame of mind that serves to disabuse him of the notion that what he is watching is necessarily an inviolable, self-contained narrative.This effect of making the familiar strange serves a didactic function insofar as it teaches the viewer not to take the style and content for granted, since the medium itself is highly constructed and contingent upon many cultural and economic conditions Stanislavski's ‘system' is a systematic approach to training actors. Areas of study include concentration, voice, physical skills, emotion memory, obse rvation, and dramatic analysis. Stanislavski's goal was to find a universally applicable approach that could be of service to all actors. Yet he said of his system: â€Å"Create your own method.Don't depend slavishly on mine. Make up something that will work for you! But keep breaking traditions, I beg you. † Many actors routinely identify his system with the American Method, although the latter's exclusively psychological techniques contrast sharply with Stanislavski's multivariant, holistic and psychophysical approach, which explores character and action both from the ‘inside out' and the ‘outside in'. Emotion memory-Stanislavski's ‘system' focused on the development of artistic truth onstage by teaching actors to â€Å"experience the part† during performance.Stanislavski hoped that the ‘system' could be applied to all forms of drama, including melodrama, vaudeville, and opera. He organised a series of theatre studios in which young actors wer e trained in his ‘system. ‘ At the First Studio, actors were instructed to use their own memories in order to express emotion. Stanislavski soon observed that some of the actors using or abusing this technique were given to hysteria. He began to search for more reliable means to access emotion, eventually emphasizing the actor's use of imagination and belief in the given circumstances of the text rather than her/his private and often painful memories.The Method of Physical Actions- In the beginning, Stanislavski proposed that actors study and experience subjective emotions and feelings and manifest them to audiences by physical and vocal means. While in its very earliest stages his ‘system' focused on creating truthful emotions and embodying them, he later worked on the Method of Physical Actions. This was developed at the Opera Dramatic Studio from the early 1930s. Its focus was on physical actions as a means to access truthful emotion, and involved improvisation. The focus remained on reaching the subconscious through the conscious.

Buy-Grid model Essay

Supplier Evaluation An important job of the purchasing agent is to evaluate potential suppliers and their offerings. The effects of purchasing on a firm’s competitive ability are great, so companies pay close attention to how they evaluate suppliers. Marketers must also understand the process, for them the ones being evaluated. Understand the process is like understand the rules of any games; if you don’t know how to score, you are unlikely to win. The buy-grid model is a version of a theory developed as a general model of rational organization decision making, explain how companies make decisions about, for example, where to locate a plant or make a purchase. The buy grid model has two parts: the buy-phase model and the buy class. The buy-phase model in a management class as the rational or extensive problem solving model or in consumer behavior as high-involvement model. Buy -phase model suggests that people go through a series of steps (or phrases) when making a decision, beginning with problem recognition. Then they search for alternatives, evaluate alternatives, and select a solution, which are them implemented and evaluated. For example, when an organization needs new office space, crowded conditions help force recognition of the need. The next step is to define the type of product needed: Does the organization want to build a new office building, add on to an existing building, or simply find a larger place to rent or buy? As the organization continues to examine its needs, detailed specifications such as the size and number of offices are created. If the decision in the second step was to build on, an architect would help create specifications drawing plans. Then suppliers would be contracted, included those recommended by architect. Step 5, acquisition and analysis of proposals, involves receiving and reviewing bids from each contractor. The architect and the executives would meet, evaluate the proposals, and select  a contractor (step 6). Step 7 involves the creations of a contract specifying when the building will be completed, what it will look like, and when the payment will be made. Evaluation begins as the project begins, but continues well after the organization moves in. As observers of buying behavior quickly realized, many organizational purchase decisions do not involve that much work or include each and every step every time. A second element, the buy-class, was added, resulting in the grid. Buy-class refers to the type of buying decision, based on the experience of the buyer with a purchase of a particular product or service. Organizational researchers realized that once a decision was made, products were bought automatically over and over; recognizing a problem simply mean recognizing that the company is low in an item and needs to order more. The complete process was used only for new buys, products or services never purchased before. Automatic purchasing described what happen with straight rebuys, and only two steps were required. These steps are need recognition and placing an order. At other times, however, a product or service would be bought again but not automatically. When a company was contemplating a rebuy but wanted to shop around, the process will be included most or perhaps all of the steps – hence the term modified re-buys. In this instance, the process may involve need recognition, an evaluation of suppliers, and a decision – a process that can be similar to a new buy. The difference is not in the number of steps but in the amount and type of information that must be collected before a purchase can be made. Modified rebuys can also be similar to straight re-buys or new buys, depending on the specific of the situation. In a new buy, the buyer has no experience with the product or service and must be educated about the product or service to make a purchase. In a modified re-buy, the buyer has purchased the product or service before. There, the buyer will not spend time on education about the product itself, but the various vendors and their offerings as the buyer shops around. The buy grid model, therefore describe how purchasing practices vary along a continuum depending on the buyer’s experience in buying that particular product or  service. Value analysis is one situation that can turn a straight rebuy into a modified rebuy. When a company is closely evaluating a particular part, one question that is asked is if the part is available elsewhere for less. As the answer is sought to this question, out-suppliers (those suppliers who products are not considered in a straight re rebuy) are given the opportunity to earn business. In-suppliers (those suppliers whose products are ordered automatically in a straight rebuy) must prove value or create new value by redesigning their offerings. Thus, the purchase moves from being a straight rebuy to a modified rebuy. Buy-Grid and Marketing Practice The theory suggests that more information is needed by the buyer to make a new buy than when making a modified rebuy, and almost no information is needed for a straight rebuy. To use this model, a company would look at the degree to which a market is buying a product for the first time. If most of the market is buying the product for the first time, method of communication such as personal selling may be used in order to provide the most information. Advertising would contain a lot of detailed copy that described the benefits and how the product worked. Over-time, as the market grows more familiar with the product, less educational methods of communicating may be used, such as catalogs. Another marketing implication is thatan in-supplier would like purchases of its products to be straight rebuys. Annual contracts are one method of creating straight rebuys. For example, Xerox offers its customers an annual supply contract. Each time a department is low in copier supplies, the purchasing department orders automatically from Xerox, perhaps using EDI. Out-suppliers would be locked out until the next time the contract comes up for review. Recently, research has found that marketers who get involved early in the decision process are more likely to be successful. In part, this higher  probability of success is due to greater understanding of the buyer’s needs, an opportunity to help shape those needs, and a better understanding of the process. The lower probability of success when starting later in the process is also due to the fact that buyers become committed to a course of action over the process of making the decision, and that course often leans towards alternatives presented early in the process. When buyers don’t have experience, marketing strategies can provide buyers with the information they need to make a decision. Marketers consider how buyers use that information to be very important.

Genetically Engineered Food Essay - 2444 Words

Genetically Engineered Food As Scientists commence the unraveling of genetic mysteries the food we eat is undergoing significant changes. From supermarket produce, milk and eggs to tofu, sprouts and garden burgers most have genetically altered ingredients. As with all new products tests are necessary. Guinea pigs, used in those tests, show the effects of the Genetically Engineered (GE) feed. So far the tests have shown elevated breast cancer from ingesting milk from cows consuming (GE) hormones. Others tests have shown possible deadly allergic reactions to foods altered with proteins from peanuts or shellfish. Most dramatically in 1989 and 1990, a (GE) brand of L-tryptophan, a common dietary supplement, killed more than thirty. Animal†¦show more content†¦These plants produce a sterile seed unable to reproduce itself. By flipping on a couple of genes a plant, is forced to make a toxic protein that will sterilize its seeds after it is fully grown . . . sterile-seed technology quickly became a potent sym bol for how genetically modified crops could cause a break in nature. Worse than that, such seeds could threaten more than a billion poor people throughout the developing world, for whom saving harvested seeds is essential. (Specter 62) In the past the best seeds were set aside by farmers. The best quality apples become the next generation of trees. The best of this years crop becomes next years seed and through the millennia farmers progressively produced a better crop. Farmers worked within plant and animal breeds improving quality. Now scientists armed with the tools of modern genetics are taking on natures secrets. This new technology breaks down not only genetic barriers between species but between humans, animals and plants. In the markets throughout the U. S. grocers sell tomatoes that have both the genes of the tomato itself with those of the pacific salmon. To the consumer that might not make sense but to the retailer it is extremely important. The fused salmon genes cause tomatoes to be resistant to bruising which extends shelf life. This gene fusing is not limited to the foods we eat but is branching out into the field of medicine. Swine are having human genes fused with their own in an attempt to raiseShow MoreRelatedGenetically Foods And Genetically Engineered Food1463 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineered Crops and Animals This planet sustains various life forms and over time these organisms have evolved to better survive in the environments in which they live. Humans are constantly trying to improve the world and the organisms in it. In order to achieve this goal, there is a powerful tool scientists are using called DNA Technology. It is this technology that allows humans to modify, create, and/or destroy life as we know it. In this paper, I will review genetically engineered stapleRead MoreThe Genetically Engineered Foods : Genetically Modified Foods1656 Words   |  7 PagesThe Genetically Engineered Foods Introduction Genetic modification is a special gene technology that alters the genetic machinery of living organisms such as animals, plants, bacteria or other microorganisms. Foreign genes (genes from other organisms) combined and inserted into the original genetic codes are known as recombinant DNA technology and the resulting food is called genetically engineered food, genetically modified (GM) food or transgenic food. Human beings have bred plants and animalsRead MoreGenetically Engineered Food Essays2328 Words   |  10 Pages Genetically engineered goods are a huge controversy in the United States. There has been a lot of conflict between different groups about whether or not genetically engineered foods should be so widely sold or at least not labeled. There are many people on both sides of the argument that have given great insight as to what genetically engineered foods can do for/to people. Those that are in favor of genetically modified food say that it allows for farmers to have a less risky harvest and this canRead MoreLabeling Of Genetically Engineered Food1107 Words   |  5 PagesLabeling Genetically Engineered Foods A popular debate in the United States that’s been ongoing since 1990, is the labeling on Genetically Modified or Engineered foods otherwise known as GMO’s. Genetically engineered food is an unnatural process of plant or meat products. These two products have had their DNA artificially altered in a laboratory by genes from other plants, animals, viruses, or bacteria to produce foreign genes in food. Monsanto, an agriculture company, claims the reason behind thisRead MoreThe Possiblities of Genetically Engineered Food1597 Words   |  7 PagesGenetically engineering food could be a viable possibility to ending the problem world hunger. There are many advantages to this solution but there are also disadvantages. This paper will aim to show both the advantages and disadvantages. I also hope to show the environmental impact that it could have. What is genetically engineered food? Genetically engineered foods are created when genes from plant and non-plant species are modified and transferred to create a food species that has certainRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Engineered Food1240 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing food abundance is an increasingly popular, yet controversial practice in the 21st century. Genetic engineering of food is done for a number of reasons, the biggest of which is increasing food supplies in the world, especially for the third world countries. However, there are arguments and even activist movements against genetic engineering of food, which begs the question â€Å"why is genetically engineered food so controversial?† The pro and con arguments of the genetic engineering of food cannotRead MoreThe Implications Of Genetically Engineered Foods1675 Words   |  7 Pages Genetically engineered foods are defined as foods that have had genes from other animals or plants (hereby referred to as foreign genes) added onto their genetic codes. The genetic engineering technique can be employed on animals, plants, or on such microorganisms as bacteria (NIH). The question of whether foods derived from such organisms should be approved for human consumption is what has raised widespread controversy among many circles. There are those who view GM foods as the ultimate solutionRead MoreFood Safety And Genetically Engineered Foods929 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle â€Å"Food Safety and genetically Engineered Foods.† It made me think more critically about food safety in the united states and GMOs and expanded on the politics behind many of our policies. The majority of the article focuses on the infrastructure behind our food safety and food regulations. Food is safer today than ever before due to better sanitation, increased awareness about contamination in both the public and private sector, and government regulations. At the federal level, the Food and DrugRead MorePersuasive Essay : Genetically Engineered Foods835 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Research Essay: Genetically Engineered Foods Genetically engineered foods are products that are made out of genetically modified organism, or commonly known as GMO. The modification is inherited from generation to generation. These types of foods have deeply infiltrated the world’s food supply. Almost 90% of crops like corn, soybean, cotton, canola and sugar beets grown in the United States are now genetically modified. Genetic engineering promises increased crop yields, lowerRead MoreThe Problems With Genetically Engineered and Modified Foods Essay2049 Words   |  9 Pages Genetically engineered and modified foods have recently developed into one of the most widely debated issues in the United States. Arguments aside, the problem is going to be one that the world is going to have to feel the results of, whether prepared or not. Newly expanded research regarding biotechnology presents a willing audience with a whole new outlook on just how far scientific investigation and expansion can go. The accelerating rate, at which these new progressions are being made, is a

The Little-Known Secrets to Paper Writing Services for College

The Little-Known Secrets to Paper Writing Services for College The 5-Minute Rule for Paper Writing Services for College Regardless of the simple fact that writing a paper may seem to be meticulous and troublesome in start, it really isn't very muddled once you the precise format and data flow to receive it completed. It's correct that not all writers out there are equally good, but time has proven that low-qualified people don't last on the industry. A student's life has a number of other crucial facets, aside from academic ones. Even if you have the chance to truly dive into a research paper, you might still wind up struggling. All About Paper Writing Services for College You'll get your paper in due time, with good content and at an affordable price. At any time you start ordering with an essay assistance, you need to make sure that the content is totally original. Correct all errors that you may spot and enhance the total grade of the paper to the best of your ability. Best quality for a moderate price has turned into a reality now! Each time you need a person to compose my research paper for me go to our site and benefit from all available services with no limitations. If you truly feel like hiring an ideal term paper writing service is essential, then before hiring one you should be aware of the reasons why you have to go for the very best dissertation writing services. So, you may rest assured your term paper service is going to be delivered by means of a pro. You are able to treat our on-line essay service as an internet library tailored to your distinct needs. Who Else Wants to Learn About Paper Writing Services for College? When you use obsolete instruments and techniques, you have to devote hours studying relevant literature. The payment methods are extremely safe. Using our services is totally safe. A global student often does not have any choice except to resort to professional help. If you order from us, you can secure a draft of your paper to make certain your writer is heading in the correct direction. Along the means of writing, you will have the ability to get hold of your writer and supply more instructions to them. Some will have their writers disappear simply to appear with a very low high quality paper too near the deadline or following the deadline. Our writers can guarantee your paper won't have any plagiarism since they find only legitimate sources for your paper, and they avoid the forms of bad habits that cause plagiarism. Explain briefly the key points you intend to cover in your paper and why readers ought to be interested in your topic. The consumer wishing to find the help of on-line custom made research paper writers ought to be connected to the net. There are scholars who might have done extremely well in regards to academics but fail in regards to writing a customized research paper. To begin with, enlisting specialist help with writing doesn't automatically mean that the essay is going to be written by a third party from scratch. For you to compose that unmatched research paper or term paper that gets you the very best grades, you desire a hand from a specialist In the span of your studies, you're expected to complete many types of papers all of the way through your academic life. The ideal thing about us is that each and every time you can buy original essay papers for sale. Then the very best way is set a request I will need to acquire essay papers written. The Key to Successful Paper Writing Services for College Just because you're somewhat unlucky doesn't indicate you've got to fail in college or university anymore. Some students actually are not able to bear the pressure so far as the custom made dissertation is concerned, and lots of them don't wish to attempt on their own since they know they're lacking. Our customized paper writing services is provided by means of a group of eligible, creative and expert paper writers and researchers who are dedicated to student's success. Custom made research paper writing service is among the initial things students need to consider in their struggle to get high grades in their academics. Getting essay done on time is vital, that's the reason why we are never late. When a writer gets your purchase, they will start to work on it immediately. Publication of your article can be an extremely time-consuming approach. Writing thesis dissertation means you will need to get a very good grasp of Statistics.

Persepolis Life Changes During The Islamic Revolution...

The novel â€Å"Persepolis† shows many life changes during the Islamic Revolution told through the eyes of a young girl. â€Å"Persepolis† was based on Satrapi’s childhood experience in Iran. Throughout the span of the 1970’s to the early 1980’s, Satrapi experiences many changes in her life, not only with the government, or her education, but also with herself. Although she witnessed many violent acts right in front of her eyes, these experiences helped Marji (Satrapi) grow as a young child. Soon after the revolution, Iran became one bundle of chaos as the country began experiencing internal difficulties with the new republic. Then with the war between Iran and Iraq, violence became Marji’s daily lifestyle. The Iranians were left to themselves to protect their friends and family from the bombings and other types of violence happening in plain sight. Many unfortunate individuals lost their belongings as well as close friends and family. For ex ample, a close friend of Marji’s mother, Mali and her family, lost her and her family’s belongings in a bombing. The family found refuge in Marji’s home until they left Iran for good. They were one of the few families who understood the severity of the violence overwhelming Iran. Along with many other changes, Iranians were recruiting young boys to join their military. They brainwashed the young boys with a plastic key painted gold; explaining to them that if they were fortunate enough to die, then the key would allow them to enter heaven.Show MoreRelatedPersepolis: perceptions of the veil1546 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Persepolis; Perceptions of the veil [Satrapi, (b) p52] â€Å"And say to the believing woman that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty...that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty...† SÃ… «rah 24:31 The autobiographical novel â€Å"Persepolis† depicts the early stages of its author, Marjane Satrapi’s life. It shows her growing up in Iran, to her studies in Vienna, and her return. In an interview in 2008, she stated that she composedRead MoreMarjane Satrapis Persepolis: A Personal Version and Vision of the Iranian Revolution1341 Words   |  5 PagesPersepolis: Marjane Satrapis personal version and vision of the Iranian Revolution Marjane Satrapis Persepolis is a graphic novel that suggests that there is a sharp discrepancy between the world of the Iranian Revolution, as depicted in the Western media, versus how many Iranians experienced it in the context of their own lives. Satrapi was the product of a liberal home environment. Behind closed doors, the life the young Marjane led was often very different from the images of burka-wearingRead MorePersepolis Essay1883 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Iranian Revolution than what the American government and media has portrayed over the prior decades. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 was the overthrow of the American backed Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi by the conservative Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his followers. Student movements and Islamic leftists supported the overthrow of the Shah who was perceived to be a puppet of the American government and pushed unsuccessful liberal economic reforms. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic ofRead MoreThe Complete Persep olis By Marjane Satrapi Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesIranian Revolution, many events and changes took place that largely affected the views of Iranians by other nations. The graphic novel, The Complete Persepolis, written by Marjane Satrapi (Satrapi, 2003), conveys many of these events and changes through the eyes of a child growing up in the 1980s in Iran. Satrapi’s main purpose for this book is to describe how the Iranian government was corrupt, causing foreign nations to have a tainted view of all Iranian citizens. The Complete Persepolis does soRead MoreThe Opening Credits Of Persepolis1932 Words   |  8 PagesThe opening credits of Persepolis (2007) feature a flower moving across the screen, travelling through the different places depicted during the titles. This quite simple feature helps to introduce the audience to the main premise of the film - moving; mobility; change and growth. Marjane Satrapi’s film debut Persepolis (2007), made together with a fellow comic artist Vincent Paronnaud, is an autobiography based on Satrapi’s similarly titled graphic novel. This French-Iranian animated film deals withRead More Marjane Satrapis Persepolis3668 Words   |  15 Pagespublic sphere and condemned Islamic fundamentalism (Khosrokhavar 3). The largely conservative citizens of Iran protested the alterations in multiple movements in response to the westernization, financial failures, and perceived belief that the Shah was being controlled by Western powers for control over Irans vast oil supply. January of 1979, the Shah went into exile in Egypt and the devoted Muslim leader Ayatollah Khomeini assumed power, reinstalling the strict, Islamic law; The ConstitutionRead MoreMaus and Persepolis1097 Words   |  5 PagesPersepolis and Maus: Two Survivors and Their Stories. Of the many items that help enhance the horror of the Nazi Holocaust, one of the most notable is what it had of systematic and bureaucratic. Not only killing people, which would have had already been enough, but precisely being made in a quiet and civilized way. It is not strange the image of the Nazi leader quoting his favorite poet while sending to death hundreds of people, belying the myth that culture and education make people better. TheRead MorePersepolis2085 Words   |  9 Pageswith the Islamic Revolution The novel, Persepolis, tells the tale of young Marjane Satrapi, who is a young girl growing up in Iran during the Islamic Revolution. In my essay I will examine how the author, Marjane Satrapi, tells her own story of growing up during the Islamic revolution through pictures.Satrapi uses pictures to depict her life as she matures first through her childhood, then through her teenager years into becoming an adult, and finally shows how she lives out her adult life and whenRead MorePersepolis : The Iranian Revolution And The Western World1980 Words   |  8 PagesPersepolis is a graphic novel that depicts what it was like growing up first hand in Iran during the 1980s’. Through the eyes of main character and author, Marjane Satrapi, the effects of the Western world and the Iranian Revolution are demonstrated to be consistently evolving and influencing Marjane’s childhood. The Iranian Revolution’s outcomes especially. In the beginning, Marjane is considered to b e a very religious child who speaks to God all the time, loves to read and wanted to be a prophet

Case Study Essay On Communication In Health & social care

Question: Discuss about a Case Study on Communication in Health and Social Care? Answer: Introduction Effective communication is important in both social as well as health care as it allows the workers of the health care to perform their role efficiently. The good communication builds a relationship between the care workers and the patients and their mode of communication is either through verbal as well as non-verbal communication. The care workers are using verbal communication to respond to questions, find the problems in the patients, and deal with complaints (Amin, 2012). Non-verbal communication is the body language, facial expression. The main complaints that the patients raise against the doctors, nurses and caregivers are that they are not giving the best services, issues regarding effective communication, respect for patients as well as consideration of the family as well as carers. The health professionals should be aware of communication process so that they should be familiar with the problems that exist with errors within communication. It is useful to know about the fa ctors that influence that how the messages are interpreted. Communication theories for health as well as social care sector The relevant communication theories that are used in both health as well as social care are the following: Behaviourist theory: The theory refers to the behaviour as a reaction to stimuli. The environment of both health, as well as social care, plays an important role in what the patient say as well as what they do. The individuals behaviour is the result of the environment that the person has collaborated with. Cognitive theory: It says about the rational development in early days as well as how the individuals learn to recognize and meet people in later life. It is mainly concerning the development of the process of thought of an individual (Fong, 2015). It focuses on active mental processes. In the case study, the behaviourist theory is applied as the behaviour of the nurse, care workers as well as the doctors are giving negative response that gives a negative impact on the patient and feels discomfort and insecure. If the care workers should help in giving the services and the doctor should listen to the problem then Anna will able to share her problems with them. In relation to the cognitive theory, Anna feels bad regarding the overall services of the hospital due to negative reinforcement (Bedford, 2013). If the doctor would behave normally as well as pleasantly then Anna will feel comfortable. Shannon model of communication is used to enlarge the communication between the sender as well as the receiver. This model is being developed to improve the technical communication, and then it is useful in the communications field. It is efficient for personal to personal communication (Burnett, 2011). The use of this model in the healthcare setting is to demonstrate a communication path between the doctors to nurse, from the nurse to patient and vice versa. This model is used in the healthcare sector to assist the individuals to recognize those factors that can influence the communication of a person. The effect of the feedback is also demonstrated in this model. Using the skills of communication in health as well as social care sector The division of health can modernize the techniques of communication to attain the plans as well as objectives related to healthcare. The new technologies are applied to ensure that the service operators can operate in an effective manner and can give special care and treatments to their patients. It has also been achieved through different training sessions as well as courses that can update knowledge as well as skills (Claffey et al. 2012). Listening skills is the most important as the care workers involve in interacting with their patients, they must listen to the problems of the patients carefully as well as pay attention to their needs. The workers must know to ask the right questions to get the detailed information to help the patient understand what is being asked. At the time of communicating, the social workers must give a smile that is the signal of warmth. It helps to improve the level of comfort within the room. In the given case study, the behaviour of the doctor is very rude towards the patient and the doctor has no listening skills (Clore et al. 2014). He is even not ready to listen to the patient. The doctor is not even noticed the inappropriate behaviour of Anna. It gives a disagreeing sign toward Anna that the doctor is disagreed with something that has been said and appearing with disinterested towards the patients. Even there is the lack of listening skills; therefore, the doctor is unable to get the right information about the problem. The communication with the patients is not successful as the patient feels that the care workers are not building any interest and trust (Dormuth et al. 2012). The care workers do not agree with the patients and try to focus on something that is more important. At an individual, I can use my communicate skills to listen to the problems of the patient at first. If the patient cannot understand what is being told to them, then I can call the nurse to explain the queries. The body language of the patients should show the behaviour of the service whether they are comfortable or not (Frank, 2010). At the time of communicating with the patients, the tone of my voice should be low, such that it cannot form any type of communication barriers. Review methods to deal with inappropriate interpersonal communication Interpersonal communication between the health care provider as well as the patient is important to improve the level of satisfaction and outcomes related to health. Interpersonal communication is that when different types of professional come to share their own view for the well-being of an individual. It helps to deal with the task as well as the interaction with others. It involves listening, both verbal as well as non-verbal communication. The inappropriate communication is showing anger, unwanted attention towards someone and lack of listening skills. These all are considered to be inappropriate because a patient need proper behaviour from the care worker, greater satisfaction from the service and concentration from the service, provider. Social exchange theory: It explains the change in social as well as stability as a process to negotiate the exchanges between the persons (Foster, 2012). The theory that is used in the case study is the theory of social exchange. It is applied as because both the doctor and the nurse are given pleasure by not saying any negative things as it can give pain to Anna. Uncertainty reduction theory: It asserts the concept at the time of interacting, the person need information about others to reduce the uncertainty. When the person gains this information then it is possible to predict the behaviour of the other person as well as resulting actions. In the case study, it applies when the person has more understanding about other people and it develops more interpersonal relationships between them (Gotz and Sun, 2011). The doctor, as well as the nurse, should use this theory that would help to understand the condition of Anna in details using her body language. Strategies used to support the user of the health as well as social care sector The sector of health, as well as social care, builds up strategies to meet the needs of the individuals (Migliori, 2013). To overcome the barriers to communication, it is necessary to understand the needs of others. It is needed to implement strategies to give the proper sources of the message to the staffs. Both the staffs as well as the health professionals should be provided with training related to verbal and non-verbal communication. The person with disabilities use various types of non-verbal communicate such as sign language, body language, slang expressions etc (Huang et al. 2015). The different types of disabilities are overcome by various strategies are: Visual disability is overcome by using visual images that are an example of technological aid. A person with hearing disabilities is overcome by sign language. People with differences in language can use pictures to communicate (Claramita and Susilo, 2014). Factors influence the communication process in health with social care The factors that can control the development of communication in both health, as well as social care, are by values and cultural factors. The cultural factors consist of ideas, social behaviour as well as the customs of the society (Cohen et al. 2012). In the health care sector, it is the duty of the care workers to respect the culture of people, their background and beliefs. Therefore, the care worker must keep in mind the cultural and religious differences and ensure that none of the individuals should be treated in such a way that is disrespectful. When any culture is violated then people react with anger as well as emotionally (Zayas-Cabn and Chaney, 2011). In the case study, the nurse does not show any respect to Anna, even though the facial expression is important at the time of interacting with someone. Even the nurse is unable to observe the body language of the patient (Afendulis, Landrum and Chernew, 2012). The service provider should be comfortable to deliver services in r egards of values, background, religion and culture. Valuing the diversity helps to enrich their own life and open to other people's life experience as well as become flexible and imaginative as because the health worker imagines how other people perceive things. In the case study, Anna is being accused of drinking, the doctor is not interested to know the real fact and even he is not respecting their culture (Zandon et al. 2012). Impact of legislation, code of conduct as well as charters on the communication process in health as well as social care The hospital maintains an accurate proper system that can ensure its policies, as well as the code of practices, is carried out within the organization. The data protection act is the best legislation in the health as well as social care sector (Ismail, 2012). It ensures that the personal data is secured as well as accessed in a controlled manner. The records and information about the patient in the health care sector are very personal. This is done using monitoring, training as well as spot checking (Wellmann, 2013). By giving different ongoing training, the workers come to know the importance of data protection. The information should not be released to the third party without the permission of the patients. Therefore, this act helps to ensure that the sector of health care runs smoothly and they are concerned about the information of their patients (Landry, 2012). In the health as well as social care, if the privacy is respected then it should follow that the protection of rights of the human is to be achieved. Analysis the efficiency of system as well as policies to promote good practice within communication A good practice within communication contributes to the efficiency of services as well as builds self-confidence within the persons (Trivedi and Grebla, 2011). The strategy of information is the best way to gather the personal information at the right time. The channel of the complaint is designed to get the proper authority as well as it prevents the barrier of fear from the patients. In the case study, the hospital has no such effective system and structure. The health organization has the lack of effectiveness as well as robust system of governance (Lea, 2012). The nurse, the receptionist as well as the doctor are unable to get the proper information about her health problem and it leads to communication barrier. It is concluded from the way that the doctor is impatient as well as the body language is also unprofessional. They have no proper system and no one is attentive towards the patient (Traca and Embry, 2011). They have no appropriate process of documentation or filling up the appointment form. The organization is not taking into account the confidential policy and they are not ensuring that they would not share the records of the patients with others (Olteanu and Olteanu, 2012). They have no such data protection act that they should access the records of the patients confidentially. Way to improve the communication process in health as well as social care sector The health and social care sector should implement a system in which the record of the patients, as well as their daily progress report, is saved. In the system, the file of the patient is being updated. The main problem is that if the low-level staffs can access to the system. The health of the individual patient is monitored on the system and if any staff can delete the records accidentally, then it creates the problem (Niedringhaus, 2012). Therefore, in order to improve the process of communication they should be given training and attend the workshop. The staffs should be aware of the policies such as confidentiality of the records and personal information as because if the records are getting to the wrong then it creates problem for the patients and the organization should be responsible for it. The managers or the unit head should stored the data in a secured system and they should follow a strict rule regarding the principles of data protection (Norwich, 2013). The service use rs should give their own feedback about the services of the health care sector and the services given by the care workers. The patient should be treated properly and the staffs should listen to their requirements. Use of ICT in health and social care sector With the development within the field of information technology, the health sectors are using the software packages to deal with information like printing, updating, writing as well as storing data (Abaidoo and Larweh, 2014). The daily progress reports are updated as well as the everyday care of the patients is being stored within the system. In the sector of health as well as social care, there is a variety of ICT packages that are used to maintain such as power point, database analysis, spreadsheet, word processor, monitor etc. The use of ICT is important as it is concerned about exchanging information as well as sharing of assessments with other professionals (Awino, 2013). It is being applied to provide comfortable as well as easy access to service for care. Source: Screenshot of recording patients admission data: www.arstechnica.com The Electronic health record is the software that is used to collect the information of the patients electronically in the digital format. These records are to be shared among various health care settings. It includes the data such as medical history, allergies as well as medication, result of the laboratory tests, radiology images, information of billing and vital signs (Chiou, 2011). It is basically designed to store the data accurately and reduce the risk of replication of data. It is more effective at the time of extracting the data for the assessment of probable trends as well as long-term changes within a patient. Benefits of ICT in health and social care sector The ICT increases the efficiency, flexibility as well as standards of caring. Zidi is the software that provides assistance to the workers of health for holding to clinical procedures and tracking the performed procedures as well as services, ordering for lab tests and giving the results in the manner that is facilitating supportive supervision, and observing as well as assessing quality of care offered (Haluza and Jungwirth, 2014). It gives integrated solutions by tracking the utilization of services, commodities as well as indicators of health to improve allocation of resources. It collects the primary data at the aim of care in actual time. It allows the care workers to track the defaulters as well as contact them by targeting text messages. The advantage of ICT to GP practice is that it presents those cases that are focusing on the treatment of elderly people suffering from chronic diseases (Lluch and Abadie, 2013). It is used to find the new ways of treatment as well as increase the acceptance of using of ICT. The advantage of ICT in hospitals is that it helps to improve the quality of care. In the hospital, the system is combined to use the computers to store and transfer information to solve clinical related problems (Maitland, 2011). In the care home, it is important to understand the meaningful activities for those people who have dementia. The advantage of modern day health professionals over the health professionals in 1800-1930 through the use of ICT is that the modern day health care system is very fast and proper as compared to older. The modern day technology is followed by a decision support system. But the health care system in the older day is not so advanced and very few people know about it. 3.3 Analysis the legal considerations of using ICT give impact on health as well as social care sector There are different types of legal legislations that are to be measured at the time of using ICT in both health as well as social care (NAKAJIMA and SHIGA, 2012). The use of ICT gives an impact taking place on the individuals such as upper limb that is caused due to poor posture as well as repetitive strain injury that refers to the pain of the arms at the time of working on the computer. According to the data protection act, it is used to handle the confidential files of the patients and those are sent electronically are stored within the database (Schaefer, 2011). The employee should have a legal duty under health and safety act 1974 that it ensures the safety of the employees. The display screen equipment regulation act 1992 is used to protect the health of those people who are working with DSA such as laptops, touch screens, computers etc. Provision and use of work equipment regulations 1998 is used to make certain that the equipment used in the health care sector is suitable for the function and continue to be safe as well as not risk and protection and examined by a worker who is used to documentation of the results (Schatz, 2011). The workers should aware of the health care policies and maintain them to avoid the risk. They should be trained about how to use the system and records the data and information of the patients for future use (Song, 2014). Conclusion It is concluded from the overview of using the communication in both health and social care is that it comments on the individual needs of the patients as well as the best possible way to access it using different communication theories. The role of ICT is being discussed that it increases the efficiency as well as standards of caring. Using ICT, the data of the patients are kept secured and updated. Therefore, in order to improve the process of communication they should be given training. The staffs should be aware of the policies such as confidentiality of the records and personal information of the patients and help them by giving best services. Reference List Abaidoo, B. and Larweh, B. (2014). 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The 2008 Olympics Impact on China free essay sample

Just as the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics propelled Japan and South Korea onto the global stage, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be Chinas coming out party—an event that showcases Chinas maturation into a great economic and, to a lesser extent, political power. As PRC Premier Wen Jiabao noted on April 24 this year, the Beijing Olympics present an opportunity for China to show the world how democratic, open, civilized, friendly, and harmonious it is. Quick Glance †¢After winning its 2001 bid to host the Olympic Games, China launched a massive seven-year effort to prepare for the event. †¢The huge inflows of investment to support the Olympics and recreate Beijing have had an important ripple effect on economic growth. †¢Though China has experienced some significant hardships this spring, the games will probably be even more important to the country than initially expected. The 2008 Olympics will be among the most expansive ever held, with 16 days of competition from August 8 to 24 in 28 sports inside 37 arenas for 302 gold medals. We will write a custom essay sample on The 2008 Olympics Impact on China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition to Beijing, six other cities will host Olympic events—Hong Kong; Qingdao, Shandong; Qinhuangdao, Hebei; Shanghai; Shenyang, Liaoning; and Tianjin—making the Olympics a national event. China has embraced the basic ideals of the Olympics with its own slogan, One World, One Dream, and has widely promoted a green and high-tech Olympics. To prepare for the games, China invested nearly $40 billion in infrastructure alone from 2002 to 2006, transformed the cityscape of Beijing, made national stars out of PRC Olympic champions—such as high hurdler Liu Xiang and platform diver Guo Jingjing—and created a great sense of excitement and anticipation among the public. Furthermore, the Olympics have had a significant influence on Beijings economic development, environment, and the growth of the countrys advertising, television, Internet, mobile phone, clean energy, and sports sectors. Building on 30 years of economic reform nd opening and on the substantial economic impact of Chinas 2001 World Trade Organization (WTO) entry, the excitement surrounding the games is pulling many of these sectors onto the international cutting edge. Building a new Beijing After winning the bid to host the 2008 Olympics, China began a massive seven-year effort to meet IOCs demanding conditions for the games. Having researched earlier Olympic games, in particular the Sydney and Atlanta games, the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad (BOCOG) began the enormous task of creating an infrastructure that could support such a massive sporting event. To integrate the activities of key central government ministries, the Beijing Municipal Government, and BOCOG, the PRC government created a high-level working group directed by then-Executive Vice Premier Li Lanqing and, since March 2008, by Xi Jinping, PRC vice president and number six in the Politburo Standing Committee. As Michael Payne, who served as IOCs top marketer for more than 20 years, wrote in Olympic Turnaround, China recognized that a critical factor in creating a successful Olympics would be careful coordination among IOC, BOCOG, and the host city. China studied the example of the Atlanta games, where coordination between the operating committee and the city government was poor, according to Payne. To ensure better coordination, BOCOG was staffed primarily with Beijing Municipal Government officials and General Administration of Sports experts, and was led by Beijing Party Secretary Liu Qi and then-Mayor (now Vice Premier) Wang Qishan. The Beijing Olympics Action Plan, announced by BOCOG President Liu Qi in March 2002, mandated not only sweeping plans to build stadiums and facilities for the Olympics, but a makeover of Beijing itself. In implementing the plan, Beijing made every effort to abide by international tendering standards and to avoid favoritism. It also imposed the template of IOCs global Olympic programs onto the Beijing Olympic program. Some of the projects in which China has invested to prepare for the games include the following: Sports facilities China planned (in some cases, with foreign architects) and built the Olympic Park and the 37 stadiums and venues that will host Olympic events. These include 32 buildings in Beijing—19 new and 13 refurbished—and venues in five other Chinese cities—a sailing center in Qingdao and soccer stadiums in Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, Shenyang, and Shanghai. China also constructed 59 training centers and infrastructure projects for the Paralympic Games, to be held in Beijing in September 2008 following the Olympics. Beijings stadiums, in particular the National Stadium (or Birds Nest), are state of the art and well designed, and they will be available for use long after the games are over. Transportation and infrastructure According to Liu Zhi, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, from 2002 through the beginning of the games, Beijing will spend $1. 1 billion on transportation improvements, such as building and extending Beijings subway system, completing the citys light rail system, and constructing and refurbishing more than 318 km of city streets—including 23 roads in and around the Olympics sites, two new ring roads around the city, and high-tech traffic control systems. The city has also built an enormous new airport terminal at the Beijing Capital International Airport and extended the toll road to the airport. Urban renewal According to Beijings 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-10), Beijing will spend more than $200 million to demolish dilapidated housing and urban buildings; refurbish 25 historic areas, including many of the citys landmarks, old streets, and beautiful, four-corner residences that date from the imperial period; and restore Beijings many historic places, including the Forbidden City. High technology Chinas capital has budgeted $3. 6 billion to transform Beijing into a digital city by 2008, with widespread use of digital and broadband telecommunications, wireless transmission and networking technologies, and intelligent technologies, including smart cards. An Olympic lift Beijings hosting of the Olympic games has already had a knock-on effect, spurring faster growth or change in several areas. Tourism The number of tourists in Beijing has risen rapidly, a result of the increased visibility that the Olympics bring to the host country. Though stimates of the number of people who will visit China during the Olympics—or even the number of people who will visit China this year—vary significantly, it is clear that the games are a magnet for tourists. Chen Jian, president of the Beijing Olympic Economic Research Association, estimated in the spring that Beijing will receive roughly 600,000 foreign visitors and 2. 5 million domestic Chinese tourists during the Olympic games and that the number of foreign tourists in Beijing will grow 8 to 9 percent annually in the decade following the games because of the games themselves. According to the China National Tourism Administration, Beijing had 3. 8 million foreign visitor arrivals in 2007, up 11. 8 percent over 2006, and China had 42. 4 million foreign visitor arrivals last year, up 20. 8 percent over 2006. ) The number of hotels in Beijing has also jumped in recent years. Since China entered the WTO and won its Olympic bid, the country has reduced hotel ownership restrictions. Starting in 2002, foreign investors could own a majority stake in hotels, and in 2006, wholly foreign-owned hotels were permitted. These moves cleared the way for an extensive expansion of foreign-owned hotels and other tourism facilities. Environmental improvements Every Beijing resident is keenly aware of the citys environmental challenges. Air quality, particularly in the summer, can be less than optimal, with particulate matter at alarmingly high levels. Though Beijing has taken steps to improve air quality, such as ordering coal-burning power plants to reduce emissions, construction projects to halt during the period around the Olympic games, and 200 heavily polluting factories to move out of the city, air quality will remain a worry for the athletes who participate in the games. Under the Beijing Sustainable Development Plan, China launched 20 projects to improve the quality of Beijings environment, with an overall investment of $12. 2 billion. The city has established new wastewater treatment plants, solid-waste processing facilities, and green belts and built a fleet of clean buses for the games. Beijing has phased out ozone-depleting substances ahead of schedule, made use of water- or air-source heat pump systems to save energy in Olympic stadiums, replaced 47,000 old taxis and 7,000 diesel buses, and began requiring vehicles to meet EU emissions standards.